Your description of missing MS components is a bit vague. SU requires specific versions of .NET Framework and VC++. The SU installer examines the computer and will download and install missing components. Sometimes though, the required components aren’t installed and need to be installed separately. Also as SU17 requires hardware acceleration, your graphic driver’s support of OpenGL 3.0 is very important.
Your hotfix problem has to do with one of the required components - Visual C ++. It may be best to uninstall all copies of VC++ through add/remove programs and get fresh copies. MS has been known to offer bum versions of this that doesn’t play nice with SU. See a description of the process in this thread https://forums.sketchup.com/t/important-update-on-a-few-potential-sketchup-2017-issues-on-windows/40186.
BTW, I run SU on Win7 without any issues.