SketchUp Make 2017 will work even though they will not be releasing any new updates for the Make software. Future plugins will also most likely not be compatible with Make but the base program should work. I am also running SU Make 17 on my XPS 15 but I went with the FHD screen instead of the 4k not sure if there is a work around for that issue.
SketchUp is DPI aware and can adjust the sizes of Icons and drawing elements so they are sized correctly for High DPI screens. Icons are sized when SketchUp starts up. If you adjust your DPI or scaling (Microsoft Windows – but only up to 150%) you will need to restart SketchUp to see correctly sized Icons and drawing elements.
Also, what are your settings in the Nvidia Settings window?