In theory, the SketchUp installer is smart enough to ask Windows to install the Visual C++ Runtime Libraries. In certain situations Windows will fail to do this update properly, at which point SketchUp is pretty much out of options.
The folks who know the most about the windows installer are already gone for the day, but I’ll ask them to weigh in first thing on Monday morning. In the mean time, you may have some luck if you manually install the runtime libraries. Take a look at this thread for some more discussion: