You need not learn Ruby coding. Just use the Dynamic Component Attributes window to add custom attributes and set their access type (“user can see” and perhaps “user can edit”.)
Then use the Dynamic Component Options window to view the attribute data.
Here is the Component Attributes window with a DC Bookshelf component instance selected …
Here is the Component Options window when one of the bookshelf instances is selected with the SelectionTool …
If you really want to program your own window, you will need to learn basic Ruby coding, then how the SketchUp API extends Ruby, and then HTML, CSS and Javascript for coding a UI::HtmlDialog class window.