Actually there is a way! Sorta. If you don’t mind exporting to an Autocad format, which I am guessing you might need to do anyway with your laser cutter. If you export your SketchUp model as 3D rather than 2D, the faces will export with the segments, but the edges of SketchUp arcs and circles will be converted to true curves. Just be sure to not export faces.
Edit → You need SketchUp PRO to do this, I think.
Edit 2 → Just imported exported .dwg into Illustrator. It also will honor the true curves. Will your laser cutter read Illustrator files?