I am trying to figure out how to place a component with a button press

You first need to learn Ruby programming, then learn the SketchUp API that adds classes and modules to the Ruby core. I made a Learning Resources list:

The dictionary for the SketchUp Ruby API:


More specific pointers to docs, based upon your questions:

method: Sketchup::DefinitionList.load()

method: Sketchup::Entities.add_instance()

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