Speculation, (because I can’t know without personally comparing it to the others?):
Likely those “other laptops” did not have an issue
with the .NET installation or the VC++ runtime library installations.
I, myself, frequently had installer “hangs” for online MS library installations when triggered by other application installers even back in the Windows 98 days, and since then, I just always got in the habit of cancelling the application installs, then going to Microsoft download, and getting the offline (standalone) redistributable library installers. Then doing the library installs separately.
Only after the libraries are successfully installed, do I then re-run the application installer.
I always did this for all SketchUp versions, and have never had any problems installing any version from 6 to 17, on any system from XP and later. (But then I am a total geek.)
See the following post for direct links to Microsoft download for these libraries.
Download and install them separately.
(But if you have any of the version 14 MS VC++ libraries,
uninstall them, before installing the latest update.)
Reboot, run Windows Update and do any updates to these two libraries.
(Reboot if prompted by Windows Update,)…
Then re-install SketchUp 2017 (right-click "Run as administrator.).